ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

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CME Assessment

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2nd edition, is accredited by the European Board for Accreditation in Cardiology (EBAC) for external CME credits. EBAC works according to the quality standard of the European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (EACCME), which is an institution of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). In compliance with EBAC/EACCME guidelines, all authors of accredited chapters have disclosed or indicated potential conflicts of interest which might cause a bias in the content.

Available questions are listed below. Questions for each chapter will be available in due course. When successfully completed readers will be able to gain credits for each chapter.

Chapter 1: The Cardiovascular History and Physical Examination

Chapter 9: Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases

Chapter 11: Clinical Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs

Chapter 12: Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Chapter 13: Hypertension

Chapter 14: Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Chapter 16: Acute Coronary Syndromes

Chapter 17: Chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease

Chapter 22: Infective Endocarditis

Chapter 25: Cardiac Rehabilitation

Contents
Front Matter
Foreword Preface Contributors Reviewers Acknowledgement to first edition contributors Symbols and abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 The Cardiovascular History and Physical Examination 
Roger Hall and Iain Simpson
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction History Examination Conclusion Key points Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 2 The Electrocardiogram 
Francisco G. Cosío, José Palacios, Agustín Pastor, and Ambrosio Núñez
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Recording the electrical activity of the heart Chamber enlargement/hypertrophy Ischaemia and infarction Conduction disturbances Pre-excitation (also see Formula Chapter 28) Primary repolarization disturbances Pericarditis and pericardial effusion An approach to ECG reading An approach to arrhythmia diagnosis Stress ECG Ambulatory ECG monitoring Implantable loop recorder Computer analysis of the ECG Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 3 Choice of Imaging Techniques 
Joanne D. Schuijf, Nico R. Van de Veire, Ernst E. van der Wall, and Jeroen J. Bax
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction The patient with stable chest pain presenting at the outpatient clinic The patient with chronic heart failure Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 4 Cardiac Ultrasound 
Frank A. Flachskampf, Jens-Uwe Voigt, and Werner G. Daniel
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Physical and technical principles of echocardiography Specific cardiovascular structures Key echocardiographic features of frequent diseases and clinical scenarios Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 
Dudley J. Pennell, Udo P. Sechtem, Sanjay Prasad, and Frank E. Rademakers
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Basic principles Volumes and function Myocardial infarction and viability Ischaemia detection Acute coronary syndromes (also see Formula Chapter 16) Coronary arteries Vessel wall Cardiomyopathy Valvular heart disease Congenital heart disease (also see Formula Chapter 10) Great vessels (also see Formula Chapter 31) Pericardium (also see Formula Chapter 19) Tumours and masses Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 6 Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 
Pim J. de Feyter, Stephan Achenbach, and Koen Nieman
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Basics of computed tomography Clinical applications of cardiac computed tomography Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 7 Nuclear Cardiology 
Philipp A. Kaufmann, Paolo G. Camici, and S. Richard Underwood
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Diagnosis of coronary artery disease Heart failure: myocardial viability and hibernation Microvascular disease (Formula Chapter 17) Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 8 Invasive Imaging and Haemodynamics 
Carlo Di Mario, Guy R. Heyndrickx, Francesco Prati, and Nico H.J. Pijls
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Percutaneous techniques of cardiac catheterization Haemodynamic measurements during cardiac catheterization Invasive imaging techniques and coronary morphology Functional assessment of the coronary circulation Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 9 Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases 
Silvia G. Priori, Carlo Napolitano, Steve E. Humphries, and James Skipworth
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Mendelian monogenic human diseases: an overview Monogenic diseases with myocardial involvement Marfan syndrome Genetic disorders in the structurally normal heart Polygenic diseases: genetic aspects of coronary artery disease Hypertension (Formula Chapter 13) Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 10 Congenital Heart Disease in Children and Adults 
John E. Deanfield, Robert Yates, Folkert J. Meijboom, and Barbara J.M. Mulder
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Nomenclature Epidemiology and incidence Aetiology and prevention Fetal circulation Pathophysiology Investigation Management Grown-up congenital heart disease Common congenital cardiac malformations Personal perspective Online resources Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 11 Clinical Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs 
Faiez Zannad, Pascal Bousquet, and Laurent Monassier
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Basic concepts in clinical pharmacology Clinical trials and assessment of evidence Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 12 Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease 
Annika Rosengren, Joep Perk, and Jean Dallongeville
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Facts and figures about CVD in Europe Prevention strategies Population strategy Modifying CVD risk at the individual level High-risk strategy Secondary prevention Smoking Physical activity Blood pressure Nutrition Obesity and problems related to obesity Lipids Psychosocial factors Gender aspects in prevention Conclusion Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 13 Hypertension 
Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Tonje A. Aksnes, Robert H. Fagard, and Giuseppe Mancia
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Definition and classification of hypertension Diagnostic evaluation Therapeutic approach Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 14 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome 
Francesco Cosentino, Lars Rydén, Pietro Francia, and Linda G. Mellbin
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Vascular disease risk factors: from pathophysiology to clinical management Clinical presentation and management of cardiovascular disease Selected issues The metabolic syndrome Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 15 Heart and Other Organs 
Frank Ruschitzka
[References PDF]
Introduction
CHAPTER 16 Acute Coronary Syndromes 
Christian W. Hamm, Helge Möllmann, Jean-Pierre Bassand, and Frans van de Werf
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Incidence and prevalence of acute coronary syndromes General risk factors for acute coronary syndromes Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes The plaque Thrombotic response Development of myocardial infarction Diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes Treatment of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes Treatment of ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 17 Chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease 
Filippo Crea, Paolo G. Camici, Raffaele De Caterina, and Gaetano A. Lanza
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction The coronary circulation Myocardial ischaemia Coronary collateral circulation Epidemiology of chronic ischaemic heart disease Assessment of angina pectoris Stable angina: diagnosis Stable angina: risk stratification Chronic stable angina: medical treatment Chronic stable angina: myocardial revascularization Other clinical manifestations of chronic ischaemic heart disease Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 18 Myocardial Disease 
Otto M. Hess, William McKenna, and Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Definition and classification Primary myocardial disease (cardiomyopathies) Secondary myocardial diseases Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 19 Pericardial Disease 
Jordi Soler-Soler and Jaume Sagristà-Sauleda
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Acute pericardial syndromes Pericardial effusion Constrictive pericarditis Specific types of pericardial disease Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 20 Tumours of the Heart 
Gaetano Thiene, Marialuisa Valente, Massimo Lombardi, and Cristina Basso
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Epidemiology, classification, and nomenclature Clinical presentation Diagnosis through interdisciplinary collaboration Benign tumours Benign tumours of paediatric age Other benign tumours Malignant tumours of the heart Malignant tumours of the pericardium Cardiac metastases Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and cardiotoxicity in malignant cardiac neoplasms Non-neoplastic masses Surgical treatment Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 21 Valvular Heart Disease 
Alec Vahanian, Bernard Iung, Luc Piérard, Robert Dion, and John Pepper
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Patient evaluation Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis Mitral regurgitation Tricuspid valve disease Prosthetic valve surgery Personal perspective Online resources Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 22 Infective Endocarditis 
Werner G. Daniel and Frank A. Flachskampf
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Definition Epidemiology Pathology and pathophysiology Risk factors Causative pathogens Symptoms and signs Diagnosis Echocardiographic signs of infective endocarditis Problems in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis Prosthetic valve endocarditis Infective endocarditis in addicts of intravenous drugs Therapy Indications, timing, and type of surgery Anticoagulation Prognosis Prophylaxis and prevention Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 23 Heart Failure 
John McMurray, Mark Petrie, Karl Swedberg, Michel Komajda, Stefan Anker, and Roy Gardner
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Epidemiology Aetiology: causes of heart failure Comorbidity Pathophysiology Cardiac responses to ventricular injury and reduced stroke volume Diagnosis: symptoms, signs, and investigations Treatment Heart failure with a low left ventricular ejection fraction Organization of care Education Treatment considerations related to comorbidity Devices and surgery Surgery Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction Heart failure due to valvular heart disease Heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy Heart failure due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Acute heart failure and pulmonary oedema End-of-life considerations Acknowledgement Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 24 Pulmonary Hypertension 
Nazzareno Galiè and Alessandra Manes
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Definition and classification of pulmonary hypertension Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension Genetics and epidemiology Pulmonary arterial hypertension (Group 1) Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (Group 2) Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases (Group 3) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (Group 4) Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 25 Cardiac Rehabilitation 
Stephan Gielen, Alessandro Mezzani, Rainer Hambrecht, and Hugo Saner
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Definition of cardiac rehabilitation within preventive cardiology Exercise testing in cardiovascular medicine Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular diseases Exercise intolerance in cardiovascular diseases Exercise-based interventions in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention Comprehensive rehabilitation and risk factor management Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 26 Syncope 
Michele Brignole, Jean-Jacques Blanc, Richard Sutton, and Angel Moya
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Definition Epidemiology Classification and pathophysiology Evaluation of a patient with T-LOC Diagnostic tests Treatment Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 27 Bradycardia 
Panos E. Vardas, Hercules E. Mavrakis, and William D. Toff
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Anatomy and physiology of the basic rhythm of the heart Definition of bradycardia Causes of bradycardia Clinical and electrocardiographic findings in patients with bradycardia Treatment of bradycardia Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 28 Supraventricular Tachycardias 
Jerónimo Farré, Hein J.J. Wellens, José M. Rubio, and Juan Benezet
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Atrial and atrioventricular junctional extrasystoles Supraventricular tachycardia Atrial tachycardia Atrial flutter Atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia Accessory pathways, pre-excitation syndromes, and their tachycardias Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome Pre-excitation due to ‘Mahaim physiology’ Concealed accessory pathways Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia Other non-paroxysmal SVT Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 29 Atrial Fibrillation 
A. John Camm, Paulus Kirchhof, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Irena Savelieva, and Sabine Ernst
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Epidemiology Pathophysiological changes that can cause atrial fibrillation Initial evaluation of patients with atrial fibrillation Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation Pharmacological therapy Electrical cardioversion Implantable pacemakers and defibrillators Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node Ablation of atrial fibrillation Personal perspective Online resources Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 30 Ventricular Tachycardia and Sudden Cardiac Death 
Lars Eckardt, Günter Breithardt, and Stefan Hohnloser
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Definitions Electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia Electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia: clinical presentation Broad QRS complex tachycardia: clinical approach Risk stratification Therapy of ventricular tachycardias in patients with structural heart disease Catheter ablation or surgical treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias Other cardiomyopathic conditions Drug-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias Resuscitation Conclusion Personal perspective Online resources Further reading References
CHAPTER 31 Diseases of the Aorta and Trauma to the Aorta and the Heart 
Christoph A. Nienaber, Ibrahim Akin, Raimund Erbel, and Axel Haverich
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta Dissection of the thoracic aorta Aortitis Aortic atheromatous disease: thrombotic or cholesterol emboli Traumatic rupture of the aorta Trauma to the heart Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 32 Sports and Heart Disease 
Domenico Corrado, Cristina Basso, Antonio Pelliccia, and Gaetano Thiene
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Classification of sports The athlete’s heart Epidemiology of sudden death in the athlete Prevention of sudden death by preparticipation screening Interpretation of the athlete’s ECG Management of athletes with cardiovascular diseases Automatic external defibrillator programme Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 33 Pregnancy and Heart Disease 
Patrizia Presbitero, Giacomo G. Boccuzzi, Christianne J.M. Groot, and Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Cardiovascular adaptations during normal pregnancy Haemodynamic changes during pregnancy Cardiac evaluation in normal pregnancy Assessment of heart disease in pregnancy Maternal low-risk conditions Maternal high-risk conditions Congenital heart disease and pregnancy Fetal high-risk conditions Specific conditions Cardiovascular treatment during pregnancy Personal perspective Online resources References
CHAPTER 34 Non-cardiac Surgery in Cardiac Patients 
Sanne Hoeks and Don Poldermans
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Pathophysiology of myocardial infarction Risk stratification Non-invasive testing Invasive testing Medical therapy Revascularization Conclusion Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 35 Psychological Factors and Heart Disease 
Susanne S. Pedersen, Nina Kupper, and Johan Denollet
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Introduction Psychological impact of heart disease Psychological risk factors for poor prognosis Mechanisms linking psychological factors to adverse prognosis Pharmacological and behavioural interventions Clinical implications Conclusion Personal perspective Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 36 Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease 
Alberto Cremonesi, Nicolas Diehm, Andrea Stella, Mauro Gargiulo, Gianluca Faggioli, Estêvão Carvalho de Campos Martins, and Fausto Castriota
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Peripheral arterial disease Cerebral vascular disease Renal artery stenosis Personal perspective Acknowledgement Additional online material Further reading References
CHAPTER 37 Venous Thromboembolism 
Sebastian M. Schellong, Henri Bounameaux, and Harry R. Büller
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Natural history Diagnosis Treatment Personal perspective Further reading References
CHAPTER 38 Occupational and Regulatory Aspects of Heart Disease 
Demosthenes G. Katritsis and Michael M. Webb-Peploe
[Summary] [References PDF]
Summary Occupational risk factors for heart disease Regulations concerning individual risk and public safety Personal perspective Acknowledgement Online resources Further reading References

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine has become the definitive print and online reference work for every cardiology trainee, general cardiologist and specialist cardiologist as they develop their core knowledge of the subject.

About the Editors

A. JOHN CAMM, British Heart Foundation Professor of Clinical Cardiology, St. George's University of London, London, UK

THOMAS F. LUSCHER, Professor and Head of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

PATRICK W. SERRUYS, Professor of Cardiology, Thorax Centre, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Disclaimer

Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.

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